New Method for Generating Photon Pairs Could Revolutionize Q

[patricjfrenn]

For over a century, physicists have explored the peculiar interactions between photons, electrons, and other subatomic particles at incredibly small scales. Engineers, in turn, have spent decades developing technologies that harness these phenomena, with one such phenomenon being quantum entanglement, in which pairs of photons become linked in such a way that the state of one photon instantly matches that of its paired counterpart, regardless of distance.

This "spooky action at a distance," as Albert Einstein famously referred to it, has since become a focal point of research worldwide and is integral to the development of quantum information technology, including qubits.

Currently, generating photon pairs efficiently requires large crystals that are visible to the naked eye. However, in a study published in Nature Photonics, researchers from Columbia Engineering, led by P. James Schuck, present a novel method that achieves superior performance in a much smaller device with significantly less energy.

"This work marks the realization of a long-standing goal to bridge macroscopic and microscopic nonlinear and quantum optics," says Schuck, associate professor of mechanical engineering and co-director of Columbia's MS in Quantum Science and Technology. "It lays the groundwork for scalable, high-efficiency on-chip devices like tunable entangled-photon-pair generators."

The new device, which is just 3.4 micrometers thick, signals the potential for integrating this critical quantum component onto a silicon chip. This advancement could greatly enhance the energy efficiency and capabilities of quantum systems.

To create the device, the team used thin crystals of molybdenum disulfide, a van der Waals semiconducting transition metal. They stacked six of these crystals, each rotated 180 degrees relative to the adjacent layers, and utilized a phenomenon known as quasi-phase-matching to manipulate the light's properties and generate photon pairs.

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This is the first time quasi-phase-matching has been applied to van der Waals materials to produce photon pairs at wavelengths suitable for telecommunications. The technique is much more efficient and less error-prone than earlier methods.

Schuck believes this breakthrough will establish van der Waals materials as the foundation for next-generation nonlinear and quantum photonic devices, offering a path to more efficient, on-chip technologies that could replace bulk crystals.

"These innovations will have immediate applications in fields like satellite-based communication and mobile quantum communication," Schuck says.